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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, every year, over one million Americans suffer a heart attack. About 450,000 of those are fatal. People know the usual risk factors for heart attacks include smoking, alcohol intake, weight, and a history and/or family history of high blood pressure, high cholesterol or diabetes. But now a new area of research is looking into another link for heart attacks - the relationship between sleep apnea and heart dysfunction.
A major study in Japan showed that long hours at work combined with sleep deprivation can increase blood pressure and heart rates to such an extent that chest pains or a cardiac arrest can result. (“It Has Long Been Known that Shortage of Sleep Can Cause Heart Attacks”, Lorna Duckworth, The London Independent, July 10, 2002.) When further analyzed it was found that those who slept five hours a night or less, or had at least two days a week of insufficient sleep, faced a two-fold to three-fold increased risk of a heart attack. Sleep deprivation and sleep disorders began to be suspected as a very important, yet under-appreciated, causative factor in heart attacks.
Sleep apnea is a condition where the person stops breathing temporarily for short periods of time, perhaps numerous times throughout the night, because of an obstruction of the airway path. The most common form, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is where the tube carrying air to the lungs collapses periodically and blocks the airflow. Most people overlook it and many are not even aware they have the condition or of the significance. While it has previously been suspected of leading to an increased risk for heart disease, it has been hard to prove because of other complicating factors such as obesity.